{"id":1623,"date":"2026-06-20T12:54:05","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/?p=1623"},"modified":"2026-06-20T12:55:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:55:18","slug":"cac-mo-dun-lora-trong-nong-nghiep-thong-minh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/lora-modules-in-smart-agriculture\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh: T\u1eeb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tham quan nhi\u1ec1u trang tr\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m, \u201cph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft\u201d, sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wi-Fi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un 4G\/5G th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 LoRa \u0111ang d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p IoT, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"T\u1ea5m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 LoRa? C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac IoT cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Zigbee, NB-IoT v\u00e0 Wi-Fi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, LoRa th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n M\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb 1\u20133 km ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed xa h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung (c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Zigbee th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m m\u00e9t, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u00fat trung chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y cao nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u khi ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong su\u1ed1t chu k\u1ef3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0103ng-ten \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng pin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (h\u01a1n s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 LoRa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u201cwake-on-radio\u201d, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u00fat duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady khi c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb pin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u01a1n 18 th\u00e1ng khi g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LoRa<\/a> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ISM kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 t\u1ea7n. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng LoRa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>LoRa<\/th>NB-IoT<\/th>Zigbee<\/th>4G Cat.1<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td>2\u20135 km (khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4)<\/td>1\u201310 km<\/td>10\u2013100 m<\/td>1\u20135 km<\/td><\/tr>
M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/td>C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p (th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m)<\/td>Th\u1ea5p (th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng\/n\u0103m)<\/td>Th\u1ea5p (th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i)<\/td><\/tr>
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>Th\u1ea5p (0,3\u201350 kbps)<\/td>Th\u1ea5p (~100 kbps)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh (250 kbps)<\/td>Cao (m\u1ee9c Mbps)<\/td><\/tr>
Tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng<\/td>M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang \/ m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/td>Nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/td>M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang<\/td>Nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/td><\/tr>
Chi ph\u00ed n\u00fat<\/td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/td>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p<\/td>Ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>M\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi khu v\u1ef1c<\/td>Ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (b\u1eadt\/t\u1eaft van), th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LoRa mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"h\u1ec7<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t: m\u1ed9t n\u00fat gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t LoRa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fat n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (MCU) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MCU ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chip ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 433 MHz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong> C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t RS485 (c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u xa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Pin lithium ch\u00ednh + t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00e2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa. C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa \u201cch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao ti\u1ebfp\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh\u201d, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un, gi\u00fap b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cpin ch\u00ednh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u201d. Pin lithium c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 gi\u1eefa \u201cd\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y n\u00fat c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i c\u1ee9 sau 15 ph\u00fat, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5 gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t pin 6000mAh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 1 n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu l\u1eafp th\u00eam t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"N\u00f4ng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Logic ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00fat ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7 trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logic c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u:<\/strong>
T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 theo kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 15 ph\u00fat).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady:<\/strong>
Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>
\u0110\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n RS485.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>
G\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn:<\/strong>
Ch\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chu k\u1ef3 ng\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n b\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hay \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7 trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin c\u1ef1c d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u00fat ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t n\u00fat ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u00fat. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hai ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng LoRa \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng sao v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng LoRa. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua Ethernet, 4G ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng khi tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean chi\u1ec1u cao:<\/strong>
L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0103ng-ten c\u1ed5ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean trang tr\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 kho ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>
H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kho kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y xung quanh \u0103ng-ten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u00eanh:<\/strong>
N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, m\u1ed7i c\u1ed5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c khung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y LoRa, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 JSON ho\u1eb7c MQTT<\/a>, v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ch\u00fang l\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5u (SNR) c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y theo th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem pin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0103ng-ten c\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng hay kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3), m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00fat trung chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1edf l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p khu v\u1ef1c\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201c\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 do c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i hai l\u1ea7n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trung gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"h\u1ec7<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau t\u1eeb xa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, trong khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f2ng k\u00edn trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 van, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 r\u00e8m. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LoRa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao ti\u1ebfp hai chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao ti\u1ebfp hai chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1eedi l\u1ec7nh:<\/strong>
M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qua c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cm\u1edf van s\u1ed1 1\u201d). L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u1ec7nh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fat x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn:<\/strong>
Sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh, n\u00fat s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9a ID l\u1ec7nh, cho bi\u1ebft \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fat th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>
N\u00fat n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh (\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u01a1le \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf van). Sau khi th\u1ef1c thi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (\u201cVan s\u1ed1 1 \u0111ang m\u1edf\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>
N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda n\u00fat, sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngay khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh, n\u00fat s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00f2ng k\u00edn ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba sai s\u00f3t trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3 an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u01a1le:<\/strong>
Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u01a1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u01a1le c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay ch\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logic li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p logic kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1edf van c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 van x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng l\u00fac).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9:<\/strong>
Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat b\u1ea5m v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng tay trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ly ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong>
Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch r\u01a1le \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 gh\u00e9p quang ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch ly t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn do c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c chip nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng (Air Rate) c\u1ee7a LoRa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n (ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y thu (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (<2 km):<\/strong>
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u00fat bi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n (>2 km):<\/strong>
N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c xa ho\u1eb7c xuy\u00ean qua ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt:<\/strong>
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SNR d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00fat v\u00e0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh xu\u1ed1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y (Air Rate) c\u1ee7a n\u00fat \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong khi c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t n\u00fat chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t theo danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong>
\u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc-quy. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng hay b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m pin c\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo d\u00f5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y:<\/strong>
H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem n\u00fat \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>
H\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, k\u00eanh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>
N\u1ebfu c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0103ng-ten c\u1ee7a n\u00fat c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng, lo\u1ea1i \u0103ng-ten c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u \u0103ng-ten c\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kim lo\u1ea1i bao quanh hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong>
Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng cao l\u1edbn c\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng RC b\u00ean trong MCU b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n UART v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00f4-\u0111un LoRa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi (t\u1eeb -20\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 60\u00b0C) \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \u0103ng-ten:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1ea7m, \u0103ng-ten ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0103ng-ten d\u00e2y m\u1ecfng, d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n \u0103ng-ten c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u RF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c van t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 LoRa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 trang tr\u1ea1i l\u1eabn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00fat v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In recent years, I have visited many modern farms and agricultural technology parks. One strong impression I have gained is that agriculture is rapidly shifting from an experience-based model of \u201cdepending on the weather\u201d to a data-driven precision model. During this transformation, how to reliably and efficiently collect sensor data distributed across vast farmland and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1623"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1640,"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1623\/revisions\/1640"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wewinsmartagri.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}